Functional problems

Functional abnormalities play a major role in causing and perpetuating dysmorphic teeth and jaws.

It is essential to reestablish correct functions at an early stage to ensure that the facial bones develop smoothly and that occlusion is established.

As C. GUGINO said: "The earlier treatment begins, the more the face adapts to our standards; the later treatment begins, the more our standards have to adapt to the face".

The main functional problems relate to:

• breathing
• swallowing
• tongue posture
• bad habits
• the lip band